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To cause USB devices to show up as a special name (i.e. /dev/sensor_microcontroller instead of /dev/ttyUSB0), we need to modify our UDEV rules.
First, open up
/etc/udev/rules.d/50-usb.rules
Then add a line for the USB device, such as
SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2a03", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0043", SYMLINK+="sensor_arduino"
To properly identify the vendor and product id, you will want to run lsusb, and take a look at the ID field for the proper device.